Vitamin B6

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Vitamin B6
2D structure for Vitamin B6
Chemical Name 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-Pyridinedimethanol
Chemical Formula C8H11NO3
CAS Number 65-23-6
Chemical Information HMDB00239
Biochemical Taxonomy

  • Pyridoxals and Derivatives

Functional Taxonomy Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy Not Available
Metabolic Pathways

  • Vitamin B6 Metabolism

Biofluid Location

  • Blood

Tissue Location

  • Erythrocytes
  • Liver
  • Erythrocyte

Normal Biofluid Concentrations

  • Blood: 0.025(0.007-0.06) umol/L

Normal Tissue Concentrations Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition

  • Homozygous sickle cell disease

Other (Monogenic Disorders)

Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations

  • Blood (Homozygous sickle cell disease): 0.119 +/- 0.038 uM

Abnormal Tissue Concentrations Not Available
Physiological Processes Not Available
Authors:
Affiliations:


Contents

Introduction

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The 4-methanol form of vitamin B6 which is converted to pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Pyridoxine is one of the compounds that can be called vitamin B6. Pyridoxine assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production. It is linked to cancer immunity and helps fight the formation of homocysteine. It has been suggested that Pyridoxine might help children with learning difficulties, and may also prevent dandruff, eczema, and psoriasis. In addition, pyridoxine can help balance hormonal changes in women and aid in immune system. Lack of pyridoxine may cause anemia, nerve damage, seizures, skin problems, and sores in the mouth. -- Wikipedia Deficiency, though rare because of widespread distribution in foods, leads to the development of peripheral neuritis in adults and affects the central nervous system in children (DOSE - 3rd edition)

Biological Function

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Catabolism

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Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition

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  • Homozygous sickle cell disease

Associated decreased protein/metabolite profile

Associated increased protein/metabolite profile

Other (Monogenic) Disorders

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Nutritional Information

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Drivers for biological variation

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Vulnerable groups

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Markers of homeostasis and / or health

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Category Markers sign yes/no/? I/D S/I ref score
inflammation, immune response CRP / hsCRP Yes

No

I S & I

S

3; 5; 7; 11

2

4

2

fibrinogen Yes

No

I S & I

S

6; 7

2

3

2

Albumin Yes D S 1; 4; 5; 12 4
White blood cell count Yes I S & I 1; 2 3
TNF-alpha
Il-6 Yes I S 5 2
Il1-beta
Il-10
Prostaglandin F2alpha
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
Thromboxane B2
Nitric Oxide (NO)
Serum Amyloid A (SAA)
NfkB
alpha1-antichymotrypsin Yes I S 1; 8 2
oxidative stress 8(OH)-DG
F2-isoprostanes
8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha
oxidized LDL No 13 1
SOD
TBARS
myeloperoxidase
nitrotyrosine
Metabolic stress diastolic BP No 14 1
systolic BP No 14 1
total cholesterol Yes & No D S 1; 12 1
LDL
HDL Yes & No D S 12 1
HDL/TC
triglycerides
homocysteine Yes I S & I 1; 9; 10 3
tPA/PAI-1
Fibrin fragment D-dimer No 15 1
Factor VIIa
sICAM No S & I 2 1
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1)
fasting glucose
fasting insulin
OGTT
insulin tolerance test
HbA1c
fructosamine

References

  1. C. J. Bates, K. D. Pentieva, A. Prentice, M. A. Mansoor, and S. Finch. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxic acid and their relationship to plasma homocysteine in a representative sample of British men and women aged 65 years and over. Br.J.Nutr. 81 (3):191-201, 1999.
  2. R. Folsom, M. Desvarieux, F. J. Nieto, L. L. Boland, C. M. Ballantyne, and L. E. Chambless. B vitamin status and inflammatory markers. Atherosclerosis 169 (1):169-174, 2003.
  3. S. Friso, P. F. Jacques, P. W. Wilson, I. H. Rosenberg, and J. Selhub. Low circulating vitamin B(6) is associated with elevation of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein independently of plasma homocysteine levels. Circulation 103 (23):2788-2791, 2001.
  4. R. P. van der Wielen, M. R. Lowik, J. Haller, Berg H. van den, M. Ferry, and W. A. van Staveren. Vitamin B-6 malnutrition among elderly Europeans: the SENECA study. J.Gerontol.A Biol.Sci.Med.Sci. 51 (6):B417-B424, 1996
  5. M. Gori, F. Sofi, A. M. Corsi, A. Gazzini, I. Sestini, F. Lauretani, S. Bandinelli, G. F. Gensini, L. Ferrucci, and R. Abbate. Predictors of vitamin B6 and folate concentrations in older persons: the InCHIANTI study. Clin.Chem. 52 (7):1318-1324, 2006.
  6. S. James, H. H. Vorster, C. S. Venter, H. S. Kruger, T. A. Nell, F. J. Veldman, and J. B. Ubbink. Nutritional status influences plasma fibrinogen concentration: evidence from the THUSA survey. Thromb.Res. 98 (5):383-394, 2000.
  7. S. Friso, D. Girelli, N. Martinelli, O. Olivieri, V. Lotto, C. Bozzini, F. Pizzolo, G. Faccini, F. Beltrame, and R. Corrocher. Low plasma vitamin B-6 concentrations and modulation of coronary artery disease risk. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 79 (6):992-998, 2004.
  8. C. J. Bates(2), K. D. Pentieva, and A. Prentice. An appraisal of vitamin B6 status indices and associated confounders, in young people aged 4-18 years and in people aged 65 years and over, in two national British surveys. Public Health Nutr. 2 (4):529-535, 1999.
  9. P. W. Siri, P. Verhoef, and F. J. Kok. Vitamins B6, B12, and folate: association with plasma total homocysteine and risk of coronary atherosclerosis. J.Am.Coll.Nutr. 17 (5):435-441, 1998.
  10. J. Selhub, P. F. Jacques, P. W. Wilson, D. Rush, and I. H. Rosenberg. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. JAMA 270 (22):2693-2698, 1993.
  11. S. Saibeni, M. Cattaneo, M. Vecchi, M. L. Zighetti, A. Lecchi, R. Lombardi, G. Meucci, L. Spina, and Franchis R. de. Low vitamin B(6) plasma levels, a risk factor for thrombosis, in inflammatory bowel disease: role of inflammation and correlation with acute phase reactants. Am.J.Gastroenterol. 98 (1):112-117, 2003.
  12. J.H. Brussaard, M.R.H. Löwik, H. van den Berg, H.A.M. Brants, and W. Bemelmans. Dietary and other determinants of vitamin B6 parameters. Eur J Clin Nutr 51 :S39-S45, 1997.
  13. J.V. Woodside, I.S. Young, J.W> Yarnell et al. Antioxidants, but not B-group vitamins increase the resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation: a randomized, factorial design, placebo-controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 144 (2):419-427, 1999.
  14. J.A. McMahon, C.M. Skeaff, S.M. Williams, T.J. Green. Lowering homocysteine with B vitamins has no effect on blood pressure in older adults. J Nutr 137 (5):1183-1187, 2007.
  15. M. Klerk, P. Verhoef, B. Verbruggen, et al. Effect of homocysteine reduction by B-vitamin supplementation on markers of clotting activation. Thromb Haemost 88 (2): 230-235, 2002.

Determinants of requirements

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Category Determinants of status sign yes/no/? help independent of intake yes/no/?
general gender Yes  ?
age (adults) Yes  ?
age (children) Yes  ?
ethnicity
physiological status polymorphisms
pregnancy Yes  ?
lactation Yes  ?
menopause Yes  ?
physical fitness
gut flora
anthropometric variables body weight Yes  ?
BMI Yes  ?
waist circumference
fat free mass Yes  ?
Lifestyle variables smoking No  ?
physical activity Yes  ?
alcohol use Yes  ?
medication use (incl. contraceptive pill) Yes  ?
stress

Other resources

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Links

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