From NuGOwiki
The NuGOwiki Metabolite Database is a joint initiative of NuGO and HMDB
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All Metabolites | Biochemical | Nutritional | Functional | Metabolic Pathways | Diseases | Phenotypes | Physiological Processes | Protein |
| Thiamine | ||||||
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| Chemical Name | 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-1-thia-3-azoniacyclopenta-2,4-dien-5-yl]ethanol | |||||
| Chemical Formula | C12H17N4OS | |||||
| CAS Number | 59-43-8 | |||||
| Chemical Information | HMDB00235 | |||||
| Biochemical Taxonomy |
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| Functional Taxonomy | Not Available | |||||
| Nutritional Taxonomy | Not Available | |||||
| Metabolic Pathways |
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| Biofluid Location |
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| Tissue Location |
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| Normal Biofluid Concentrations |
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| Normal Tissue Concentrations | Not Available | |||||
| Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition |
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| Other (Monogenic Disorders) |
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| Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations |
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| Abnormal Tissue Concentrations | Not Available | |||||
| Physiological Processes | Not Available | |||||
| Authors: | |
| Affiliations: |
Introduction
guidelines
Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with the chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine was first discovered by Umetaro Suzuki in Japan when researching how rice bran cured patients of Beriberi. Thiamine plays a key role in intracellular glucose metabolism and it is thought that thiamine inhibits the effect of glucose and insulin on arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. thiamine plays an important role in helping the body convert carbohydrates and fat into energy. It is essential for normal growth and development and helps to maintain proper functioning of the heart and the nervous and digestive systems. Thiamine cannot be stored in the body; however, once absorbed, the vitamin is concentrated in muscle tissue.
Biological Function
Catabolism
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition
- Alcoholism with peripheralneuropathy and mental changes
- Alcoholism with peripheralneuropathy only
- Friedreich's ataxia
- Friedrich's Ataxia
- Hemodialysis patients
- Olivopontocerebral Atrophy
- Spastic Ataxia
- olivopontocerebellar atrophy
Other (Monogenic) Disorders
- Basal ganglia disease, biotin-responsive OMIM: 607483
- Lactic acidosis, congenital infantile OMIM: 245400
- Maple syrup urine disease OMIM: 248600
- Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome OMIM: 249270
Nutritional Information
Drivers for biological variation
Markers of homeostasis and / or health
| Category | Markers | sign yes/no/? | I/D | S/I | ref | score |
| inflammation, immune response | CRP / hsCRP | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info |
| fibrinogen | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Albumin | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| White blood cell count | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| TNF-alpha | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Il-6 | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Il1-beta | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Il-10 | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Prostaglandin F2alpha | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Thromboxane B2 | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Nitric Oxide (NO) | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Serum Amyloid A (SAA) | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| NfkB | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| alpha1-antichymotrypsin | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| oxidative stress | 8(OH)-DG | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info |
| F2-isoprostanes | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| oxidized LDL | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| SOD | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| TBARS | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| myeloperoxidase | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| nitrotyrosine | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Metabolic stress | diastolic BP | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info |
| systolic BP | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| total cholesterol | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| LDL | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| HDL | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| HDL/TC | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| triglycerides | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| homocysteine | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| tPA/PAI-1 | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Fibrin fragment D-dimer | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Factor VIIa | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| sICAM | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| fasting glucose | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| fasting insulin | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| OGTT | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| insulin tolerance test | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| HbA1c | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info | |
| fructosamine | Info | Info | Info | Info | Info |
Determinants of status
| Category | Determinants of status | sign yes/no/? help | independent of intake yes/no/? |
| general | gender | Info | Info |
| age (adults) | Info | Info | |
| age (children) | Info | Info | |
| ethnicity | Info | Info | |
| physiological status | polymorphisms | Info | Info |
| pregnancy | Info | Info | |
| lactation | Info | Info | |
| menopause | Info | Info | |
| physical fitness | Info | Info | |
| gut flora | Info | Info | |
| anthropometric variables | body weight | Info | Info |
| BMI | Info | Info | |
| waist circumference | Info | Info | |
| fat free mass | Info | Info | |
| Lifestyle variables | smoking | Info | Info |
| physical activity | Info | Info | |
| alcohol use | Info | Info | |
| medication use (incl. contraceptive pill) | Info | Info | |
| stress | Info | Info |