From NuGOwiki
The NuGOwiki Metabolite Database is a joint initiative of NuGO and HMDB
| Taxonomy Navigation Box; search by |
|
All Metabolites | Biochemical | Nutritional | Functional | Metabolic Pathways | Diseases | Phenotypes | Physiological Processes | Protein |
| Iodine | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ||||||
| Chemical Name | iodide | |||||
| Chemical Formula | I2 | |||||
| CAS Number | 7553-56-2 | |||||
| Chemical Information | HMDB00675 | |||||
| Biochemical Taxonomy |
| |||||
| Functional Taxonomy | Not Available | |||||
| Nutritional Taxonomy |
| |||||
| Metabolic Pathways | Not Available | |||||
| Biofluid Location |
| |||||
| Tissue Location | Not Available | |||||
| Normal Biofluid Concentrations |
| |||||
| Normal Tissue Concentrations | Not Available | |||||
| Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition | Not Available | |||||
| Other (Monogenic Disorders) |
| |||||
| Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations | Not Available | |||||
| Abnormal Tissue Concentrations | Not Available | |||||
| Physiological Processes | Not Available | |||||
| Authors: | |
| Affiliations: |
Introduction
guidelines
In solution, iodine has anti-infective properties and is often used topically to treat wounds. Iodine is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. Iodine's only known roles in biology are as constituents of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) ibs and triiodothyronine (T3). These are made from addition condensation products of the amino acid tyrosine, and are stored prior to release in a protein-like molecule called thryroglobulin. T4 and T3 contain four and three atoms of iodine per molecule, respectively. The thyroid gland actively absorbs iodide ion from the blood to make and release these hormones into the blood, actions which are regulated by a second hormone TSH from the pituitary. Thyroid hormones are phylogenetically very old molecules which are synthesized by most multicellular organisms, and which even have some effect on unicellular organisms. The FDA recommends 150 micrograms of iodine per day for both men and women. This is necessary for proper production of thyroid hormone. Natural sources of iodine include sea life, such as kelp and certain seafood. Salt for human consumption is often enriched with iodine and is referred to as iodized salt. Iodine deficiency gives rise to a disease called goiter. Iodine deficiency is also the leading cause of preventable mental retardation. It remains a serious health problem in many developing countries.
Biological Function
Catabolism
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition
- Protein-bound iodine
Other (Monogenic) Disorders
- Alpha-methylacetoacetic aciduria OMIM: 203750
- Glycogen storage disease iv OMIM: 232500
- Graves disease OMIM: 275000
- Pendred syndrome OMIM: 274600
- Thiourea tasting OMIM: 171200
- Thyroid carcinoma, papillary OMIM: 188550
- Thyroid hormonogenesis, genetic defect in, 1 OMIM: 274400
- Thyroid hormonogenesis, genetic defect in, 2a OMIM: 274500
- Thyroid hormonogenesis, genetic defect in, 4 OMIM: 274800
Nutritional Information
Drivers for biological variation
factors reported with increased concentrations
- Iodine Containing Drugs
- Oral Contraceptives
factors reported with decreased concentrations
- Iodine Deficiency
- Kashin-Beck Disease
Markers of homeostasis and / or health
| Category | Markers | sign yes/no/? | I/D | S/I | ref | score |
| inflammation, immune response | CRP / hsCRP | |||||
| fibrinogen | ||||||
| Albumin | ||||||
| White blood cell count | ||||||
| TNF-alpha | ||||||
| Il-6 | ||||||
| Il1-beta | ||||||
| Il-10 | ||||||
| Prostaglandin F2alpha | ||||||
| Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) | ||||||
| Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) | ||||||
| Thromboxane B2 | ||||||
| Nitric Oxide (NO) | ||||||
| Serum Amyloid A (SAA) | ||||||
| NfkB | ||||||
| alpha1-antichymotrypsin | ||||||
| oxidative stress | 8(OH)-DG | |||||
| F2-isoprostanes | ||||||
| 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha | ||||||
| oxidized LDL | ||||||
| SOD | ||||||
| TBARS | ||||||
| myeloperoxidase | ||||||
| nitrotyrosine | ||||||
| Metabolic stress | diastolic BP | |||||
| systolic BP | ||||||
| total cholesterol | ||||||
| LDL | ||||||
| HDL | ||||||
| HDL/TC | ||||||
| triglycerides | ||||||
| homocysteine | ||||||
| tPA/PAI-1 | ||||||
| Fibrin fragment D-dimer | ||||||
| Factor VIIa | ||||||
| sICAM | ||||||
| Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) | ||||||
| fasting glucose | ||||||
| fasting insulin | ||||||
| OGTT | ||||||
| insulin tolerance test | ||||||
| HbA1c | ||||||
| fructosamine |
There was no relevant article found for iodine and health biomarker. Database: PubMed, example search and selection; 29 articles, all studies were excluded because these were reported on supplementation with a mixture of nutrients.
Determinants of requirements
| Category | Determinants of status | sign yes/no/? help | independent of intake yes/no/? |
| general | gender | Yes | Yes |
| age (adults) | Yes | Yes | |
| age (children) | Yes | Yes | |
| ethnicity | ? | ? | |
| physiological status | polymorphisms | ? | ? |
| pregnancy | Yes | Yes & No | |
| lactation | Yes | Yes & No | |
| menopause | Yes & No | Yes & No | |
| physical fitness | ? | ? | |
| gut flora | ? | ? | |
| anthropometric variables | body weight | Yes & No | Yes & No |
| BMI | Yes & No | No | |
| waist circumference | ? | ? | |
| fat free mass | ? | ? | |
| Lifestyle variables | smoking | ? | ? |
| physical activity | ? | ? | |
| alcohol use | ? | ? | |
| medication use (incl. contraceptive pill) | ? | ? | |
| stress | Yes & No | ? |