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The NuGOwiki Metabolite Database is a joint initiative of NuGO and HMDB
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All Metabolites | Biochemical | Nutritional | Functional | Metabolic Pathways | Diseases | Phenotypes | Physiological Processes | Protein |
| IL4 | |
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| [[Image:{{{Image}}}|thumb|220px|2D structure for IL4]] | |
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| Chemical Information | |
| Biochemical Taxonomy | |
| Functional Taxonomy | |
| Nutritional Taxonomy | |
| Metabolic Pathways | |
| Biofluid Location | |
| Tissue Location | |
| Normal Biofluid Concentrations | |
| Normal Tissue Concentrations | |
| Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition | |
| Other (Monogenic Disorders) | |
| Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations | |
| Abnormal Tissue Concentrations | |
| Physiological Processes | |
| Authors: | L. Pellis |
| Affiliations: | TNO, the Netherlands |
Contents |
Introduction
Human Interleukin-4
Interleukin 4 is produced mainly by a subpopulation of activated T-cells (Th2) which are the biologically most active helper cells for B-cells and which also secrete IL-5 and IL-6. It may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of slow-dividing and long-lived monoclonal B-cells arrested at the intermediate stage of their differentiation by preventing both the death and the proliferation of the malignant B-cells.
Rodent Interleukin-4
IL-4 is produced mainly by a subpopulation of activated T-cells (Th2) which are the biologically most active helper cells for B-cells and which also secrete IL-5 and IL-6. IL-4 may be of clinical importance in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases since it inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 , IL-6 and TNF-alpha by monocytes and of TNF by T-cells. IL-4 may be useful also in the treatment of solid tumors, of hematopoietic systemic diseases, and of immune defects. IL-4 inhibits the growth of colon and mammary carcinomas. It has been shown to augment the development of lymphokine-activated killer cells. IL-4 may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of slow-dividing and long-lived monoclonal B-cells arrested at the intermediate stage of their differentiation by preventing both the death and the proliferation of the malignant B-cells.
Biological Function
Participates in at least several B-cell activation processes as well as of other cell types. It is a costimulator of DNA-synthesis. It induces the expression of class II MHC molecules on resting B-cells. It enhances both secretion and cell surface expression of IgE and IgG1. It also regulates the expression of the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) on both lymphocytes and monocytes.
Catabolism
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition
Associated decreased protein/metabolite profile
Associated increased protein/metabolite profile
Other (Monogenic) Disorders
Nutritional Information
Drivers for biological variation