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The NuGOwiki Metabolite Database is a joint initiative of NuGO and HMDB
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| IFNG | |
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| [[Image:{{{Image}}}|thumb|220px|2D structure for IFNG]] | |
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| Biochemical Taxonomy | |
| Functional Taxonomy | |
| Nutritional Taxonomy | |
| Metabolic Pathways | |
| Biofluid Location | |
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| Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition | |
| Other (Monogenic Disorders) | |
| Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations | |
| Abnormal Tissue Concentrations | |
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| Authors: | L. Pellis |
| Affiliations: | TNO, the Netherlands |
Contents |
Introduction
Human Interferon-gamma
T cells (cytotoxic and Th1) and Natural Killer cells secrete interferon gamma (IFNG or IFNg). Its major functions are to activate macrophages and to increase the expression of class II MHC on APC. IFNg stimulated macrophages are more phagocytic, they are more capable of killing intracellular pathogens and they have increased ability to present antigen. IFNg secreted by Th1 cells has a cross regulatory role in controlling Th2 function, and will induce a class switch to IgG. It actually can inhibit the activities of the Th2 pathway by inducing IL-12 production by macrophages. This cytokine has a role in many different types of immune responses such as delayed type hypersensitivity, inflammation, antibody production and viral infection.
Rodent Interferon-gamma
IFNg, also known as Type II interferon or immune interferon is a cytokine produced primarily by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The protein shares no significant homology with IFN-ß or the various IFN-a family proteins. Mature IFNg exists as noncovalently-linked homodimers. It was originally characterized based on its antiviral activities. The protein also exerts anti-proliferative, immunoregulatory and proinflammatory activities and is thus important in host defense mechanisms. IFNg induces the production of cytokines, up-regulates the expression of class I and II MHC antigens, Fc receptor and leukocyte adhesion molecules. It modulates macrophage effector functions, influences isotype switching and potentiates the secretion of immunoglobulins by B cells. IFNg also augments TH1 cell expansion and may be required for TH1 cell differentiation.
Biological Function
Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFNg, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons.
Recommended name:
Interferon gamma, IFN-gamma, IFNG, IFNg
Alternative name(s):
IFG, IFg
Immune interferon, IFI
Catabolism
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition
Associated decreased protein/metabolite profile
Associated increased protein/metabolite profile
Other (Monogenic) Disorders
Nutritional Information
Drivers for biological variation