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The NuGOwiki Metabolite Database is a joint initiative of NuGO and HMDB
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| Haptoglobin | |
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| [[Image:{{{Image}}}|thumb|220px|2D structure for Haptoglobin]] | |
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| Chemical Information | |
| Biochemical Taxonomy | |
| Functional Taxonomy | |
| Nutritional Taxonomy | |
| Metabolic Pathways | |
| Biofluid Location | |
| Tissue Location | |
| Normal Biofluid Concentrations | |
| Normal Tissue Concentrations | |
| Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition | |
| Other (Monogenic Disorders) | |
| Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations | |
| Abnormal Tissue Concentrations | |
| Physiological Processes | |
| Authors: | L. Pellis |
| Affiliations: | TNO, the Netherlands |
Contents |
Introduction
human Haptoglobin
The liver produces haptoglobin and secretes it into the blood, where it finds and attaches to any "free" hemoglobin -- that is, hemoglobin not contained within red blood cells. The concentration of free hemoglobin is ordinarily very low, but the level rises whenever red blood cells are being destroyed. After haptoglobin attaches to hemoglobin, the molecule goes to the liver where its components (iron, heme, and amino acids) are recycled. This process destroys the haptoglobin. When red blood cells are actively being destroyed, the rate of haptoglobin destruction by the liver will outpace the rate at which new haptoglobin is created. Thus, the levels of haptoglobin in the blood will decrease. Haptoglobin is considered an acute-phase reactant.
Rodent Haptoglobin
Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein used for the detection of in vivo hemolysis. The primary function of haptoglobin is the irreversible binding of free oxyhemoglobin in plasma. This complex is then removed by the reticuloendothelial system. Thus, haptoglobin prevents loss of hemoglobin to urine and conserves iron. Elevated values are present in chronic and acute inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Decreased levels can indicate liver disease, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, and genetic haptoglobinemia.
Biological Function
Haptoglobin combines with free plasma hemoglobin, preventing loss of iron through the kidneys and protecting the kidneys from damage by hemoglobin, while making the hemoglobin accessible to degradative enzymes.
Catabolism
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition
Associated decreased protein/metabolite profile
Associated increased protein/metabolite profile
Other (Monogenic) Disorders
Nutritional Information
Drivers for biological variation