Oxidized glutathione

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Oxidized glutathione
2D structure for Oxidized glutathione
Chemical Name	2-amino-4-[[2-[2-[(4-amino-4-carboxy-butanoyl)amino]-2-(carboxymethylcarbamoyl)ethyl]disulfanyl-1-(carboxymethylcarbamoyl)ethyl]carbamoyl]butanoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₂₀H₃₂N₆O₁₂S₂
CAS Number	27025-41-8
Chemical Information	HMDB03337
Biochemical Taxonomy	Peptides
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Tissue Location	Epidermis Erythrocyte Fibroblasts Granulocytes Liver Lymphocyte Pancreas Placenta Platelet Red Blood Cells Brain
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 5.11 +/- 0.35 umol/L Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.041 +/- 0.01 uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis under treatment with Acetyl-L-carnitine Patients with Canavan disease
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Patients with Canavan disease): 1.98 +/- 0.41 umol/L Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Multiple Sclerosis under treatment with Acetyl-L-carnitine): 0.044 +/- 0.01 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Multiple Sclerosis): 0.065 +/- 0.01 uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
A glutathione dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. glutathione participates in leukotriene synthesis and is a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. It is also important as a hydrophilic molecule that is added to lipophilic toxins and waste in the liver during biotransformation before they can become part of the bile. glutathione is also needed for the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxin produced as a by-product of metabolism. This detoxification reaction is carried out by the glyoxalase system. Glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione to S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione. Glyoxalase II (EC 3.1.2.6) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione to glutathione and D-lactate.