Putrescine

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Putrescine
2D structure for Putrescine
Chemical Name	butane-1,4-diamine
Chemical Formula	C₄H₁₂N₂
CAS Number	110-60-1
Chemical Information	HMDB01414
Biochemical Taxonomy	Cyclic Amines
Functional Taxonomy	RNA Component
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Saliva Urine
Tissue Location	Epidermis Erythrocyte Fibroblasts Liver Muscle Neurons Placenta Platelet Skin Testis Brain
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.214 +/- 0.08 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.23 +/- 0.05 uM Saliva: 0.06 uM Urine: 1.8 +/- 0.46 umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Putrescine is a polyamine. Polyamines are organic cations shown to participate in a bewildering number of cellular reactions, yet their exact functions in intermediary metabolism and specific interactions with cellular components remain largely elusive. Pharmacological interventions have demonstrated convincingly that a steady supply of these compounds is a prerequisite for cell proliferation to occur. Genetic engineering of polyamine metabolism in transgenic rodents has been employed to unravel their cellular functions. Transgenic activation of polyamine biosynthesis through an overexpression of their biosynthetic enzymes has assigned specific roles for these compounds in spermatogenesis, skin physiology, promotion of tumorigenesis and organ hypertrophy as well as neuronal protection. Transgenic activation of polyamine catabolism not only profoundly disturbs polyamine homeostasis in most tissues, but also creates a complex phenotype affecting skin, female fertility, fat depots, pancreatic integrity and regenerative growth. Transgenic expression of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme has suggested that this unique protein may act as a general tumor suppressor. Homozygous deficiency of the key biosynthetic enzymes of the polyamines, ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, as achieved through targeted disruption of their genes, is not compatible with murine embryogenesis. Finally, the first reports of human diseases apparently caused by mutations or rearrangements of the genes involved in polyamine metabolism have appeared. Putrescine apparently has specific role in skin physiology and neuroprotection. (PMID: 15009201, 16364196)