Prostaglandin D2

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Prostaglandin D2
2D structure for Prostaglandin D2
Chemical Name	7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₂₀H₃₂O₅
CAS Number	41598-07-6
Chemical Information	HMDB01403
Biochemical Taxonomy	Prostanoids
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Prostaglandin and Leukotriene Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Tissue Location	Brain Liver Mast Cell Neurons Platelet Skin Smooth Muscle Spleen Adipose Tissue
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Subarachnoid Aneurysmal Hemorrhage
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Subarachnoid Aneurysmal Hemorrhage): 1844.18 (595.8-3092.5) uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
PGD2 is actively produced in various organs such as the brain, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, uterus, ovary, oviduct, testis, prostate and epididymis, and is involved in many physiological events.PGD2 promotes sleep; regulates body temperature, olfactory function, hormone release, and nociception in the central nervous system; prevents platelet aggregation; and induces vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. PGD2 is also released from mast cells as an allergic and inflammatory mediator. Prostaglandin H2 is an unstable intermediate formed from PGG2 by the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the arachidonate cascade. In mammalian systems, it is efficiently converted into more stable arachidonate metabolites, such as PGD2, PGE2, PGF2a by the action of three groups of enzymes, PGD synthases (PGDS), PGE synthases and PGF synthases, respectively. PGDS catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to PGD2. Two types of PGD2 synthase are known. Lipocalin-type PGD synthase is present in cerebrospinal fluid, seminal plasma and may play an important role in male reproduction. Another PGD synthase, hematopoietic PGD synthase is present in the spleen, fallopian tube, endometrial gland cells, extravillous trophoblasts and villous trophoblasts, and perhaps plays an important role in female reproduction. Recent studies demonstrate that PGD2 is probably involved in multiple aspects of inflammation through its dual receptor systems, DP and CRTH2. (PMID: 12148545)