2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid

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2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid
2D structure for 2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid
Chemical Name	2,3-diphosphonooxypropanoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₃H₈O₁₀P₂
CAS Number	138-81-8
Chemical Information	HMDB01294
Biochemical Taxonomy	Acyl Phosphates
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Glycolysis
Biofluid Location	Blood Cellular Cytoplasm
Tissue Location	Myelin Nerves Red Blood Cells Reticulocyte Testis Erythrocyte
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 530.0 +/- 800.0 uM Cellular Cytoplasm: 4500.0 (4000.0-5000.0) uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Adenosine triphosphate, elevated, of erythrocytes OMIM: 102900 Glycogen storage disease vII OMIM: 232800
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

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2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG, also known as 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or 2,3-DPG) is a three carbon isomer of the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and is present at high levels in the human red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte)--at the same molar concentration as hemoglobin. It is notable because it binds to deoxygenated hemoglobin in RBCs. In doing so, it allosterically upregulates the ability of RBCs to release oxygen near tissues that need it most. Its function was discovered in 1967 by Reinhold Benesch and Ruth Benesch.