Dinoprostone

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Dinoprostone
2D structure for Dinoprostone
Chemical Name	(E)-7-[(1S,2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₂₀H₃₂O₅
CAS Number	363-24-6
Chemical Information	HMDB01220
Biochemical Taxonomy	Prostanoids
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Prostaglandin and Leukotriene Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Tissue Location	Epidermis Fibroblasts Placenta Skin Brain
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.0009 +/- 0.000060 umol/L Blood: 0.001 +/- 0.000053 umol/L Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0 - 0.02 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.0013 +/- 0.0020 uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis): 35.0 +/- 10.0 uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Dinoprostone is a naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It has important effects in labour and also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimulate bone resorption by osteoclasts (a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue by removing the bone's mineralized matrix). The role of PGE2, one of the best known and most well studied eicosanoids, is of particular interest. It is a very attractive molecule in that it by itself exhibits both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, particularly on dendritic cells (DC). Depending on the nature of maturation signals, PGE2 has different and sometimes opposite effects on DC biology. PGE2 exerts an inhibitory action, reducing the maturation of DC and their ability to present antigen. PGE2 has also been shown to stimulate DC and promote IL-12 production when given in combination with TNF-alpha. PGE2 is an environmentally bioactive substance. Its action is prolonged and sustained by other factors especially IL-10. It modulates the activities of professional DC by acting on their differentiation, maturation and their ability to secrete cytokines. PGE2 is a potent inducer of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC), and PGE2-induced IL-10 is a key regulator of the BM-DC pro-inflammatory phenotype. (PMID: 16978535)