Lithocholyltaurine

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Lithocholyltaurine
2D structure for Lithocholyltaurine
Chemical Name	2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]ethanesulfonic acid
Chemical Formula	C₂₆H₄₅NO₅S
CAS Number	516-90-5
Chemical Information	HMDB00722
Biochemical Taxonomy	Steroids and Steroid Derivatives
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Bile Blood
Tissue Location	Intestine Gall Bladder
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Bile: 370 (350-380) uM Blood: 0 - 0.003 uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Patients with drug-induced cholestasis (under treatment)
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Patients with drug-induced cholestasis (under treatment)): 1.81 +/- 0.002 uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Lithocholyltaurine is a bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. Lithocholic acid, a hydrophobic secondary bile acid, is well known to cause intrahepatic cholestasis. There have been extensive studies on the mechanisms of lithocholate-induced cholestasis in animals. Lithocholate diminishes both the bile acid-dependent and independent bile flow. In humans, elevated levels of lithocholic acid are found in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease. Lithocholyltaurine impairs both the bile canalicular contractions and the canalicular bile secretion, possibly by acting directly on the canalicular membranes in lithocholyltaurine-induced cholestasis. Lithocholyltaurine induce acute cholestasis-associated with retrieval of the bile salt export pump. The bile salt export pump (BSEP) of hepatocyte secretes conjugated bile salts across the canalicular membrane in an ATP-dependent manner. Hepatic retention of bile acids may lead to liver injury by hepatocyte apoptosis and eventually deterioration of cholestatic liver diseases. One mechanism of induced apoptosis by lithocholyltaurine is the induction of transcriptional activity of AP-1 (activation protein-1). (PMID: 16981261, 15763547, 16332456, 18164257)