Cholic acid

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Cholic acid
2D structure for Cholic acid
Chemical Name	(4R)-4-[(3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₂₄H₄₀O₅
CAS Number	81-25-4
Chemical Information	HMDB00619
Biochemical Taxonomy	Bile Acids
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Bile Blood
Tissue Location	Kidneys Liver Placenta Platelet Small Intestine Spleen Intestine
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Bile: 32060 (31830-32280) uM Blood: 0.72 +/- 0.24 uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Children with cystic fibrosis without liver disease Cystic fibrosis associated with liver disease(CFLD) neonatal cholestasis/extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA)
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Alagille syndrome 1 OMIM: 118450
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (): 1.7 +/- 0.3 uM Blood (Children with cystic fibrosis without liver disease): 1.52 +/-0.26 uM Blood (Cystic fibrosis associated with liver disease(CFLD)): 1.71 +/- 0.29 uM Blood (neonatal cholestasis/extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA)): 15.6 +/- 3.6 uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135)