5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan

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5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan
2D structure for 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan
Chemical Name	2-amino-3-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₃
CAS Number	4350-09-8
Chemical Information	HMDB00472
Biochemical Taxonomy	Amino Acids
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Porphyrin and Chlorophyll Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood
Tissue Location	Not Available
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.018 +/- 0.0027 umol/L
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	GTP cyclohydrolase i deficiency OMIM: 233910 Neuraminidase deficiency OMIM: 256550
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan is an aromatic amino acid naturally produced by the body from the essential amino acid l-tryptophan. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan is the immediate precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. The conversion to serotonin is catalyzed by the enzyme aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28, AADC1 also known as dopa decarboxylase), an essential enzyme in the metabolism of the monoamine neurotransmitters. An accumulation of 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan in cerebrospinal fluid occurs in Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (OMIM 608643), accompanied by an increased excretion in the urine of the patients, which are indicative of the disorder but not specific 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan is also increased in other disorders such as in Parkinson's patients with severe postural instability and gait disorders. Confirmation of the diagnosis AADC deficiency is then required by enzyme activity measurement or genetic analysis. The amount of endogenous 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan available for serotonin synthesis depends on the availability of tryptophan and on the activity of various enzymes, especially tryptophan hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.4), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.52), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. (EC 1.13.11.11, TDO). 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan has been used clinically for over 30 years. In addition to depression, the therapeutic administration of 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan has been shown to be effective in treating a wide variety of conditions, including fibromyalgia, insomnia, binge eating associated with obesity, cerebellar ataxia, and chronic headaches. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and effectively increases central nervous system (CNS) synthesis of serotonin. Supplementation with 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan is hypothesized to normalize serotonin synthesis, which is putatively related to its antidepressant properties. (PMID: 9295177, 17240182, 16023217)