Serotonin

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Serotonin
2D structure for Serotonin
Chemical Name	3-(2-aminoethyl)-1H-Indol-5-ol
Chemical Formula	C₁₀H₁₂N₂O
CAS Number	50-67-9
Chemical Information	HMDB00259
Biochemical Taxonomy	Indoles and Indole Derivatives
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Tryptophan Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Gland Adrenal Medulla Bladder Brain Central Nervous System Epidermis Fibroblasts Gut Hypothalamus Intestine Kidney Muscle Nerves Neuron Neurons Pancreas Placenta Platelet Platelets Prostate Skele Adipose Tissue
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.0052 (0.0014-0.0090) uM Blood: 0.07(0-0.15) uM Blood: 0.70 +/- 0.32 uM Blood: 0.74 +/- 0.28 uM Blood: 0.97 +/- 0.28 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.00001 +/- 0.000002 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.001 (0.0006-0.002) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.0053-0.01 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.0057-0.012 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.0059 uM Urine: 0.02 (0.004-0.0315) umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 0.026 (0.017-0.040) umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 0.03 (0.015-0.046) umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Parkinson's Disease hypothyroid patients
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Parkinson's Disease): 0.0044 (0.00-0.0093) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (hypothyroid patients): 0.00001 +/- 0.0000036 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (hypothyroid patients): 0.00001 +/- 0.000004 uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Serotonin is a biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-Tryptophan. Serotonin in the nervous system acts as a local transmitter at synapses, and as a paracrine or hormonal modulator of circuits upon diffusion, allowing a wide variety of "state-dependent" behavioral responses to different stimuli. Serotonin is widely distributed in the nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates and some of its behavioral effects have been preserved along evolution. Such is the case of aggressive behavior and rhythmic motor patterns , including those responsible for feeding . In vertebrates, which display a wider and much more sophisticated behavioral repertoire, serotonin also modulates sleep , the arousal state , sexual behavior, and others, and deficiencies of the serotonergic system causes disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, posttraumatic stress disorder, epilepsy, and generalized anxiety disorder. Serotonin has three different modes of action in the nervous system: as transmitter, acting locally at synaptic boutons; upon diffusion at a distance from its release sites, producing paracrine (also called volume) effects, and by circulating in the blood stream, producing hormonal effects. The three modes can affect a single neuronal circuit. (PMID: 16047543)