Squalene

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Squalene
2D structure for Squalene
Chemical Name	(2E,6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene
Chemical Formula	C₃₀H₅₀
CAS Number	111-02-4
Chemical Information	HMDB00256
Biochemical Taxonomy	Alkanes and Alkenes
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Biosynthesis of Steroids Terpenoid Biosynthesis
Biofluid Location	Blood
Tissue Location	Fibroblasts Liver Skin Stratum Corneum Testis Chylomicrons
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 1.58 +/- 0.063 uM Blood: 2.22 +/- 0.063 uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia OMIM: 215140 Smith-lemli-opitz syndrome OMIM: 270400
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

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A natural raw material found in human sebum (5%) and in shark-liver oil. An unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon (carotenoid) with six unconjugated double bonds. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Reference) Biological Source: Found in fish liver oils, yeast lipids and many vegetable oils, e.g. palm oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil. Volatile component of scent material from Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin monkey) and Saguinus fuscicollis (saddle-back tamarin monkey). Component of adult human sebum principally responsible for the fixing of fingerprints (ChemNetBase) Squalene is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. It is a hydrocarbon and a triterpene. -- Wikipedia; Squalene is the biochemical precursor to the whole family of steroids. Oxidation of one of the terminal double bonds of squalene yields 2,3-squalene oxide which undergoes enzyme-catalyzed cyclization to afford lanosterol, which is then elaborated into cholesterol and other steroids. -- Wikipedia; Squalene is a low density compound often stored in the bodies of cartilaginous fishes such as sharks, which lack a swim bladder and must therefore reduce their body density with fats and oils. Squalene, which is stored mainly in the shark's liver, is lighter than water with a specific gravity of 0.855. -- Wikipedia Uses: Bactericide. Intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals and coloring materials (Physical Constants of Chemical Substances)