Protoporphyrin IX

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Protoporphyrin IX
2D structure for Protoporphyrin IX
Chemical Name	7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl-21H,23H-Porphine-2,18-dipropanoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₃₄H₃₄N₄O₄
CAS Number	553-12-8
Chemical Information	HMDB00241
Biochemical Taxonomy	Porphyrins
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Porphyrin and Chlorophyll Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood
Tissue Location	Adrenal Medulla Bladder Epidermis Erythrocyte Fibroblasts Gastrointestinal Tract Intestine Kidney Liver Liver Predominantly Lymphocyte Platelet Skin Spleen Stratum Corneum T-Lymphocyte Testis Thyroid Gland Urinary Bladder Adipose Tissue
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.53 +/- 0.13 uM Blood: 0.66 +/- 0.18 uM Blood: 1.09 +/- 0.57 uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Porphyria variegata OMIM: 176200
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Protoporphyrins are tetrapyrroles containing 4 methyl, 2 propionic and 2 vinyl side chains. Protopophyrin is produced by oxidation of the methylene bridge of protoporphyrinogen. Protoporphyrin IX is the only naturally occurring isomer; it is an intermediate in heme biosynthesis, combining with ferrous iron to form protoheme IX, the heme prosthetic group of hemoglobin. Protoporphyrin IX is created by the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase. The enzyme ferrochelatase converts it into heme. Protoporphyrin IX naturally occurs in small amounts in feces. It is accumulated and excreted excessively in the feces in protoporphyria and variegate porphyria. Protoporphyrin IX is also responsible for the brown pigment (Ooporphyrin) of birds' eggs Protoporphyrin IX is used as a branch point in the biosynthetic pathway leading to Heme (by insertion of iron) and chlorophylls (by insertion of Mg and further side-chain transformation). Used to treat liver disorders, mainly as Na salt. Shows anti-HIV activity.