L-Aspartic acid

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L-Aspartic acid
2D structure for L-Aspartic acid
Chemical Name	2-aminobutanedioic acid
Chemical Formula	C₄H₇NO₄
CAS Number	56-84-8
Chemical Information	HMDB00191
Biochemical Taxonomy	Amino Acids
Functional Taxonomy	Essential Amino Acid
Nutritional Taxonomy	Non-Essential Amino Acids
Metabolic Pathways	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism Butanoate Metabolism Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism Purine Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Saliva Urine
Tissue Location	All Tissues
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 20.0 +/- 5.0 uM Blood: 21.0 +/- 5.0 uM Blood: 3.0 +/- 1.0 umol/L Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.6 +/- 0.3 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 1.8 +/- 0.2 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 2.19 +/- 2.63 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 2.30 (0.0-4.6) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 2.8 +/- 1.2 uM Saliva: >10 uM Urine: 0.32 (0.30-0.45) umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 4.638 (1.711-7.566) umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Acute seizures GH Deficiency Liver disease Probable Alzheimer's Disease Refractory localization-related epilepsy (RLE)
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Acute seizures): 11.8 (10.9-12.7) uM Blood (Liver disease): 36.0 +/- 9.0 uM Blood (Probable Alzheimer's Disease): 12.67 +/- 2.86 uM Blood (Refractory localization-related epilepsy (RLE)): 3.9 (3.7-4.1) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (GH Deficiency): 0.233 +/- 0.081 uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Aspartic acid (Asp, D), also known as aspartate, the name of its anion, is one of the 20 natural proteinogenic amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins. As its name indicates, aspartic acid is the carboxylic acid analog of asparagine. As a neurotransmitter, aspartic acid may provide resistance to fatigue and thus lead to endurance, although the evidence to support this idea is not strong. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartic_acid) Aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid which is made from glutamic acid by enzymes using vitamin B6. The amino acid has important roles in the urea cycle and DNA metabolism. Aspartic acid is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, which is sometimes found to be increased in epileptic and stroke patients. It is decreased in depressed patients and in patients with brain atrophy. Aspartic acid supplements are being evaluated. Five grams can raise blood levels. Magnesium and zinc may be natural inhibitors of some of the actions of aspartic acid. Aspartic acid, with the amino acid phenylalanine, is a part of a new natural sweetener, aspartame. This sweetener is an advance in artificial sweeteners, and is probably safe in normal doses to all except phenylketonurics. The jury is still out on the long term effects it has on many brain neurohormones. Aspartic acid may be a significant immunostimulant of the thymus and can protect against some of the damaging effects of radiation. Many claims have been made for the special value of administering aspartic acid in the form of potassium and magnesium salts. Since aspartic acid is relatively nontoxic, studies are now in progress to elucidate its pharmacological and therapeutic roles. (http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids)