L-Alanine

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L-Alanine
2D structure for L-Alanine
Chemical Name	(2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₃H₇NO₂
CAS Number	56-41-7
Chemical Information	HMDB00161
Biochemical Taxonomy	Amino Acids
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Saliva Urine
Tissue Location	All Tissues
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 272.0 +/- 36.0 uM Blood: 333.0 (259.0-407.0) uM Blood: 369.0 +/- 88.0 uM Blood: 375.0 +/- 50.0 uM Blood: 377.0 +/- 108.0 uM Blood: 404.0 +/- 94.0 uM Blood: 585.0 +/- 22.0 umol/L Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 23.2 +/- 5.1 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 26.3 +/- 7.4 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 27.0 (10.0-44.0) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 30.8 +/- 8.7 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 37.8 +/- 6.8 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 46 +/- 27 uM Saliva: >10 uM Urine: 12.3 +/- 5.6 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 13.2 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 2.0 (1.0-3.5) umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 22.0 +/- 10.0 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 22.0 +/- 11.0 umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Acute seizures Bacterial meningitis Dengue Leukemia Leukemia with CNS disease Lung Cancer Nondiabetic patients with Chronic Heart Failure Paraquat poisoning Tuberculosis
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Hyperoxaluria, primary, type I OMIM: 259900
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Acute seizures): 296.0 (277.0-316.0) uM Blood (Dengue): 274.0 (250.0-298.0) uM Blood (Nondiabetic patients with Chronic Heart Failure): 589.0 +/- 15.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Bacterial meningitis): 0.16 (0.13-0.18) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Leukemia with CNS disease): 46.1 +/- 13.5 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Leukemia): 34.8 +/- 7.8 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Tuberculosis): 19.2 (16.1-22.3) uM Urine (Lung Cancer): 23 (10-55) umol/mmol creatinine Urine (Paraquat poisoning): 76.3 umol/mmol creatinine
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Alanine is a nonessential amino acid made in the body from the conversion of the carbohydrate pyruvate or the breakdown of DNA and the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and is one of the most important amino acids released by muscle, functioning as a major energy source. Plasma alanine is often decreased when the BCAA (Branched Chain Amino Acids) are deficient. This finding may relate to muscle metabolism. Alanine is highly concentrated in meat products and other high-protein foods like wheat germ and cottage cheese. Alanine is an important participant as well as regulator in glucose metabolism. Alanine levels parallel blood sugar levels in both diabetes and hypoglycemia, and alanine reduces both severe hypoglycemia and the ketosis of diabetes. It is an important amino acid for lymphocyte reproduction and immunity. Alanine therapy has helped dissolve kidney stones in experimental animals. Normal alanine metabolism, like that of other amino acids, is highly dependent upon enzymes that contain vitamin B6. Alanine, like GABA, taurine and glycine, is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. http://www.dcnutrition.com/AminoAcids/)