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The NuGOwiki Metabolite Database is a joint initiative of NuGO and HMDB
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| Glycocholic acid | |
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| Chemical Name | 2-[4-(3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoylamino]acetic acid |
| Chemical Formula | C26H43NO6 |
| CAS Number | 475-31-0 |
| Chemical Information | HMDB00138 |
| Biochemical Taxonomy |
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| Functional Taxonomy | Not Available |
| Nutritional Taxonomy | Not Available |
| Metabolic Pathways |
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| Biofluid Location |
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| Tissue Location |
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| Normal Biofluid Concentrations |
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| Normal Tissue Concentrations | Not Available |
| Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition |
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| Other (Monogenic Disorders) | Not Available |
| Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations |
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| Abnormal Tissue Concentrations | Not Available |
| Physiological Processes | Not Available |
| Authors: | |
| Affiliations: |
Contents |
Introduction
guidelines
Glycocholic acid or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. Its anion is called glycocholate. (wikipedia) The glycine conjugate of cholic acid. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. (PubChem)
A bile acid. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12.
Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis.
Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135)
Biological Function
Catabolism
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition
- Celiac Disease
- Hepatobiliary Disease
Other (Monogenic) Disorders
Nutritional Information
Drivers for biological variation
guidelines
The bile acids glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid are associated with glucose homeostasis, shown by Shaham et al (PubMed). These three bile acids (in plasma) changed reproducibly in response to an oral glucose challenge test. The levels more than doubled during the first 30 min. after glucose ingestion and remained elevated for the entire 2 hours.