Fumaric acid

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Fumaric acid
2D structure for Fumaric acid
Chemical Name	(E)-2-Butenedioic acid
Chemical Formula	C₄H₄O₄
CAS Number	110-17-8
Chemical Information	HMDB00134
Biochemical Taxonomy	Dicarboxylic Acids
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism Purine Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	Not Available
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 1.5 (0.0-4.0) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 33.0 (9.00-57.0) uM Urine: 0.1 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 0.5 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 0.7 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 0.95 +/- 0.93 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 10.4 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 10.7 umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) Lung Cancer
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT)): 11.0 (2.00-20.0) uM Urine (Lung Cancer): 0.7 (0.0-4.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
A precursor to L-malate in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is formed by the oxidation of succinate by succinate dehydrogenase. Fumarate is converted by fumarase to malate. A fumarate is a salt or ester of the organic compound fumaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid. (wikipedia)