Cytidine

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Cytidine
2D structure for Cytidine
Chemical Name	4-amino-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-pyrimidin-2-one
Chemical Formula	C₉H₁₃N₃O₅
CAS Number	65-46-3
Chemical Information	HMDB00089
Biochemical Taxonomy	Nucleosides
Functional Taxonomy	Protein Component
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism Purine Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	All Tissues
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.1 +/- 0.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.34 +/- 0.2 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.44 +/- 0.32 uM Urine: 0.78 (0.00-1.6) umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Patients with Canavan disease
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Patients with Canavan disease): 0.26 +/- 0.13 umol/L
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Cytidine is a nucleoside that is composed of the base cytosine linked to the five-carbon sugar D-ribose. Cytidine is a pyrimidine that besides being incorporated into nucleic acids, can serve as substrate for the salvage pathway of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis; as precursor of the cytidine triphosphate (CTP) needed in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) biosynthetic pathway. These variations probably reflect the species differences in cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that converts cytidine to uridine in the body. The transports of cytidine into the brain's extracellular fluid, and then into neurons and glia, are essential prerequisites for cytidine to be utilized in brain. An efficient mechanism mediating the brain uptake of circulating cytidine has not yet been demonstrated. The biosynthesis of PC, the most abundant phosphatide in the brain, via the Kennedy pathway requires phosphocholine and cytidine triphosphate (CTP), a cytidine nucleotide, which is involved in the rate-limiting step. The enzyme that converts CTP to endogenous CDP-choline (CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase) is unsaturated at physiological brain CTP levels. APOBEC is a family of enzymes has been discovered with the ability to deaminate cytidines on RNA or DNA. The human apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G, or hA3G) protein, provides cells with an intracellular antiretroviral activity that is associated with the hypermutation of viral DNA through cytidine deamination. Indeed, hA3G belongs to a family of vertebrate proteins that contain one or two copies of a signature sequence motif unique to cytidine deaminases (CTDAs). (PMID: 16769123, 15780864, 16720547)