Epinephrine

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Epinephrine
2D structure for Epinephrine
Chemical Name	4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Chemical Formula	C₉H₁₃NO₃
CAS Number	51-43-4
Chemical Information	HMDB00068
Biochemical Taxonomy	Catecholamines and Derivatives
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Tyrosine Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Gland Adrenal Medulla Bladder Epidermis Eye Lens Fibroblasts Gonads Gut Intestine Kidney Kidney (Adrenal Medulla) Liver Muscle Myelin Nerves Nervous Tissues Neurons Pancreas Placenta Platelet Pro Adipose Tissue
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.0003(0.00027-0.00033) uM Blood: 0.00072 (0.00049-0.0013) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.0(0.0-0.00022) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.00024 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.034 (0.0063-0.062) uM Urine: 0.002 +/- 0.00099 umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 0.0021 (0.00098-0.0052) umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 0.0052 (0.00043-0.0099) umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Addison's disease Subarachnoid haemorrhage tumors with high epinephrine concentration tumors with low epinephrine concentration
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Addison's disease): 0.00014 (0.0001-0.00017) uM Blood (Subarachnoid haemorrhage): 0.001 +/- 0.00036 uM Blood (tumors with high epinephrine concentration): 0.0002-0.00048 uM Blood (tumors with low epinephrine concentration): 0.00005-0.00054 uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Epinephrine is a catecholamine, a sympathomimetic monoamine derived from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. It is the active sympathomimetic hormone secreted from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. Epinephrine also constricts arterioles in the skin and gut while dilating arterioles in leg muscles. It elevates the blood sugar level by increasing hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver, and at the same time begins the breakdown of lipids in adipocytes. Epinephrine has a suppressive effect on the immune system.