Creatine

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Creatine
2D structure for Creatine
Chemical Name	2-(carbamimidoyl-methyl-amino)acetic acid
Chemical Formula	C₄H₉N₃O₂
CAS Number	57-00-1
Chemical Information	HMDB00064
Biochemical Taxonomy	Amino Acids
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Arginine and Proline Metabolism Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	Bladder Brain Epidermis Fibroblasts Heart Intestine Kidney Muscle Myelin Nerves Neurons Placenta Platelet Prostate Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscles Spleen Testes Testis Adipose Tissue
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 30.1 +/- 12.3 uM Blood: 53.0 (17.0 - 82.0) uM Blood: 84.0 +/- 23.2 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 44 +/- 13 uM Urine: 113.0 (0.00-654.0) umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 26.0 (5.0-95.0) umol/mmol creatinine Urine: 46.0 (9.0-135.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Cirrhosis Lung Cancer
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Creatine deficiency syndrome, x-linked OMIM: 300352
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Cirrhosis): 30.8 +/- 27.4 uM Urine (Lung Cancer): 37.0 (0.0-197.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

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An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as creatinine in the urine. Creatine functions as part of the cell's energy shuttle. The high energy phosphate group of ATP is transferred to creatine to form phosphocreatine in the following reaction: Cr + ATP <-> PCr + ADP. This reaction is reversibly catalyzed by creatine kinase. In the human body creatine is synthesized mainly in the liver by the use of parts from three different amino acids - arginine, glycine, and methionine. 95% of it is later stored in the skeletal muscles, with the rest in the brain, heart, testes.