Butyric acid

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Butyric acid
2D structure for Butyric acid
Chemical Name	Butanoic acid
Chemical Formula	C₄H₈O₂
CAS Number	107-92-6
Chemical Information	HMDB00039
Biochemical Taxonomy	Fatty Acids
Functional Taxonomy	DNA Component Energy Supplier
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Butanoate Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Saliva Urine
Tissue Location	Intestine Kidney Large Intestine Muscle Neurons Prostate Fibroblasts
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 1.0 (0.3- 1.5) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 1.4 (0-2.8) uM Saliva: 1470 (0.00-2940) uM Urine: 0.086 +/- 0.0085 umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	AIDS
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Urine (AIDS): 0.18 +/- 0.044 umol/mmol creatinine
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Butyric acid, the four-carbon fatty acid, is formed in the human colon by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates (including dietary fiber), and putatively suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC). Butyrate has diverse and apparently paradoxical effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation that may be either pro-neoplastic or anti-neoplastic, depending upon factors such as the level of exposure, availability of other metabolic substrate and the intracellular milieu. In humans, the relationship between luminal butyrate exposure and CRC has been examined only indirectly in case-control studies, by measuring fecal butyrate concentrations, although this may not accurately reflect effective butyrate exposure during carcinogenesis. Perhaps not surprisingly, results of these investigations have been mutually contradictory. The direct effect of butyrate on tumorigenesis has been assessed in a no. of in vivo animal models, which have also yielded conflicting results. In part, this may be explained by methodology: differences in the amount and route of butyrate administration, which are likely to significantly influence delivery of butyrate to the distal colon. (PMID: 16460475) Butyric acid is a carboxylic acid found in rancid butter, parmesan cheese, and vomit, and has an unpleasant odor and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). Butyric acid is a fatty acid occurring in the form of esters in animal fats and plant oils. Interestingly, low-molecular-weight esters of butyric acid, such as methyl butyrate, have mostly pleasant aromas or tastes. As a consequence, they find use as food and perfume additives. Butyrate is produced as end-product of a fermentation process solely performed by obligate anaerobic bacteria.