Adenine

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Adenine
2D structure for Adenine
Chemical Name	7H-purin-6-amine
Chemical Formula	C₅H₅N₅
CAS Number	73-24-5
Chemical Information	HMDB00034
Biochemical Taxonomy	Purines and Purine Derivatives
Functional Taxonomy	DNA Component
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism Purine Metabolism
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	All Tissues
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.300 (0.200-0.400) uM Blood: 0.64 +/- 0.15 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0 - 0.2 uM Urine: 0.65 (0.52-0.85) umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) Deficiency Bacterial meningitis Tuberculous meningitis Viral meningitis
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Bacterial meningitis): 0.5 (0 - 18.0) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Tuberculous meningitis): 0.35 (0 - 23.4) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Viral meningitis): 0.96 (0 - 12.0) uM Urine (Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) Deficiency): 7.11 umol/mmol creatinine
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Adenine is a purine base. Adenine is found in both DNA and RNA. Adenine is a fundamental component of adenine nucleotides. Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose; it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between chemical reactions. Purine inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are serious hereditary disorders, which should be suspected in any case of neonatal fitting, failure to thrive, recurrent infections, neurological deficit, renal disease, self-mutilation and other manifestations. Investigation usually starts with uric acid (UA) determination in urine and plasma. (OMIM 300322, 229600, 603027, 232400, 232600, 232800, 201450, 220150, 232200, 162000, 164050, 278300). (PMID: 17052198, 17520339)