D-Ribose

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D-Ribose
2D structure for D-Ribose
Chemical Name	(3R,4R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3,4-triol
Chemical Formula	C₅H₁₀O₅
CAS Number	50-69-1
Chemical Information	HMDB00283
Biochemical Taxonomy	Not Available
Functional Taxonomy	Second Messenger
Nutritional Taxonomy	Carbohydrates
Metabolic Pathways	Pentose Pathway
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	Epidermis Fibroblasts Kidney Lung Neurons Pancreas Placenta Platelet Prostate Skeletal Muscle Spleen Testis Adrenal Gland
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 2.3 (0.0-5.0) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.0 - 5.0 uM Urine: 0.0 - 5.0 umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Ribose 5-phosphate isomerase deficiency OMIM: 608611
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency): 2.4 (0.0-5.0) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency): 47 - 146 uM Urine (Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency): 5.0 - 102.0 umol/mmol creatinine
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
D-ribose is commonly referred to simply as ribose, a five-carbon sugar found in all living cells. Ribose is not an essential nutrient because it can be synthesized by almost every tissue in the body from other substances, such as glucose. It is vital for life as a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP, and AMP. In nature, small amounts of ribose can be found in ripe fruits and vegetables. Brewer's yeast, which has a high concentration of RNA, is another rich source of ribose. D-ribose is also a component of many so-called energy drinks and antiaging products available on the market today. Ribose is a structural component of ATP, which is the primary energy source for exercising muscle. The adenosine component is an adenine base attached to the five-carbon sugar ribose. ATP provides energy to working muscles by releasing a phosphate group, hence becoming ADP, which in turn may release a phosphate group, then becoming AMP. During intense muscular activity, the total amount of ATP available is quickly depleted. In an effort to correct this imbalance, AMP is broken down in the muscle and secreted from the cell. Once the breakdown products of AMP are released from the cell, the energy potential (TAN pool) of the muscle is reduced and ATP must then be reformed using ribose. Ribose helps restore the level of adenine nucleotides by bypassing the rate-limiting step in the de novo (oxidative pentose phosphate) pathway, which regenerates 5-phosphoribosyl-l-pyrophosphate (PRPP), the essential precursor for ATP. If ribose is not readily available to a cell, glucose may be converted to ribose. Ribose supplementation has been shown to increase the rate of ATP resynthesis following intense exercise. The use of ribose in men with severe coronary artery disease resulted in improved exercise tolerance. Hence, there is interest in the potential of ribose supplements to boost muscular performance in athletic activities. (PMID: 17618002, Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007 Jul;6(4):254-7.)