Cotinine

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Cotinine
2D structure for Cotinine
Chemical Name	1-methyl-5-pyridin-3-yl-pyrrolidin-2-one
Chemical Formula	C₁₀H₁₂N₂O
CAS Number	486-56-6
Chemical Information	HMDB01046
Biochemical Taxonomy	Amino Ketones
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Blood Saliva
Tissue Location	Brain Cervical Hair Liver Placenta Platelet Testis Adipose Tissue
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 1.4 +/- 0.9 umol/L Saliva: <1.00 uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Quantitatively, the most important metabolite of nicotine in most mammalian species is cotinine. In humans, about 70 to 80% of nicotine is converted to cotinine. This transformation involves two steps. The first is mediated by a cytochrome P450 system (mainly CYP2A6 and CYP2B6) to produce nicotine iminium ion. The second step is catalyzed by aldehyde oxidase (AOX). A number of cotinine metabolites have also been structurally characterized. Indeed, it appears that most of the reported urinary metabolites of nicotine are derived from cotinine.