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The NuGOwiki Metabolite Database is a joint initiative of NuGO and HMDB
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| CD40 Ligand | |
|---|---|
| [[Image:{{{Image}}}|thumb|220px|2D structure for CD40 Ligand]] | |
| Chemical Name | |
| Chemical Formula | |
| CAS Number | |
| Chemical Information | |
| Biochemical Taxonomy | |
| Functional Taxonomy | |
| Nutritional Taxonomy | |
| Metabolic Pathways | |
| Biofluid Location | |
| Tissue Location | |
| Normal Biofluid Concentrations | |
| Normal Tissue Concentrations | |
| Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition | |
| Other (Monogenic Disorders) | |
| Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations | |
| Abnormal Tissue Concentrations | |
| Physiological Processes | |
| Authors: | L. Pellis |
| Affiliations: | TNO, the Netherlands |
Contents |
Introduction
Human CD40 Ligand
CD40L is a transmembrane protein expressed on T cells, B cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and activated platelets. It is also found in plasma as a soluble protein, sCD40L. As a consequence of CD40L binding to its receptor (CD40), several inflammatory processes are initiated. Studies have demonstrated elevated CD40L levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia and ACS, and elevated sCD40L levels have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Statins, glitazones, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and clopidogrel have been demonstrated to effectively reduce CD40L levels both in vitro and in vivo.
Rodent CD40 Ligand
CD40 ligand is a 260 amino acid type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family. Murine CD40L consists of a 22 amino acid cytoplasmic domain, a 24 amino acid transmembrane domain, and 214 amino acid extracellular domain bearing a single glycosylation site. CD40L is expressed predominantly on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. Murine CD40L shares 78% amino acid sequence identity with human CD40L. Native bioactive soluble CD40L exists. The receptor of CD40L is CD40, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF receptor family. Although all monomeric, dimeric and trimeric forms of soluble CD40L can bind to CD40, the soluble trimeric form of CD40L has the most potent biological activity through oligomerization of cell surface CD40. CD40L mediates a range of activities on B cells including induction of activation-associated surface antigen, entry into cell cycle, isotype switching, Ig secretion, and memory generation. CD40-CD40L interaction also plays important roles in monocyte activation and dendritic cell maturation.
Biological Function
Mediates B-cell proliferation in the absence of co-stimulus as well as IgE production in the presence of IL-4. Involved in immunoglobulin class switching.
Catabolism
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition
Associated decreased protein/metabolite profile
Associated increased protein/metabolite profile
Other (Monogenic) Disorders
Nutritional Information
Drivers for biological variation