B-Carotene

From NuGOwiki

Jump to: navigation, search

The NuGOwiki Metabolite Database is a joint initiative of NuGO and HMDB

Taxonomy Navigation Box; search by

All Metabolites | Biochemical | Nutritional | Functional | Metabolic Pathways | Diseases | Phenotypes | Physiological Processes | Protein

B-Carotene
2D structure for B-Carotene
Chemical Name (1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-1,18-bis(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene
Chemical Formula C40H56
CAS Number 7235-40-7
Chemical Information HMDB00561
Biochemical Taxonomy

  • Alkanes and Alkenes

Functional Taxonomy

  • Antioxidant

Nutritional Taxonomy Not Available
Metabolic Pathways

  • Retinol Metabolism

Biofluid Location

  • Blood

Tissue Location

  • Adrenal Gland
  • Epidermis
  • Erythrocyte
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate
  • Skin
  • Spleen
  • Stratum Corneum
  • Adipose Tissue

Normal Biofluid Concentrations

  • Blood: 0.82 +/- 0.58 uM
  • Blood: 1.0 (0.32 - 1.83) uM
  • Blood: 1.59 +/- 0.53 uM
  • Blood: 1.75 +/- 0.64 uM

Normal Tissue Concentrations Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders) Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations Not Available
Physiological Processes Not Available
Authors:
Affiliations:

Contents

Introduction

guidelines
A carotenoid that is a precursor of vitamin A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (porphyria, erythropoietic). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.) -- Pubchem; Carotene is an orange photosynthetic pigment important for photosynthesis. It is responsible for the orange colour of the carrot and many other fruits and vegetables. It contributes to photosynthesis by transmitting the light energy it absorbs to chlorophyll. Chemically, carotene is a terpene. It is the dimer of retinol (vitamin A) and comes in two primary forms: alpha- and beta-carotene. gamma-, delta- and epsilon-carotene also exist. Carotene can be stored in the liver and converted to vitamin A as needed. Beta-carotene is an anti-oxidant and such can be useful for curbing the excess of damaging free radicals in the body. However, the usefulness of beta-carotene as a dietary supplement (i.e. taken as a pill) is still subject to debate. Beta-carotene is fat-soluble, so a small amount of fat is needed to absorb it into the body. -- Wikipedia

Biological Function

guidelines

Catabolism

guidelines

Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition

guidelines


Other (Monogenic) Disorders

guidelines


Nutritional Information

guidelines

Drivers for biological variation

guidelines

Markers of homeostasis and / or health

guidelines

Category Markers sign yes/no/? I/D S/I ref score
inflammation, immune response CRP / hsCRP Yes

No

I

?

S

I

9; 23

11; 14

2

3

fibrinogen No  ? S 24 2
Albumin
White blood cell count Yes

No

I

?

S

S

9

19

 ?

?

TNF-alpha
Il-6 Yes I S 14; 26 2
Il1-beta
Il-10 Yes & No D S 7 1
Prostaglandin F2alpha
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) No  ? I 3 2
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) No  ? S 19 2
Thromboxane B2
Nitric Oxide (NO)
Serum Amyloid A (SAA)
NfkB
alpha1-antichymotrypsin
oxidative stress 8(OH)-DG No

Yes

 ?

I

I

S

16; 22

22

3

2

F2-isoprostanes Yes D S 7 2
8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha No  ? S & I 2; 22 2
oxidized LDL No  ? S 1; 12; 13; 17 4
SOD No  ? S 9 2
TBARS Yes I I 6; 8 2
myeloperoxidase
nitrotyrosine
Metabolic stress diastolic BP Yes I S & I 4; 20 2
systolic BP Yes I S & I 4; 5; 20; 23 2
total cholesterol Yes

No

D

?

S

S

4; 9

14; 18; 23; 25

3

3

LDL Yes

No

D

?

S

S

4

18

2

2

HDL Yes

No

D

?

S

S

4; 14; 23

18; 25

Info
HDL/TC
triglycerides Yes

No

I

?

S

S

4; 23

18

2

2

homocysteine
tPA/PAI-1 No  ? S 24 2
Fibrin fragment D-dimer
Factor VIIa
sICAM Yes D S 15 2
Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1)
fasting glucose Yes I S 4; 10 2
fasting insulin Yes I S 4; 10 2
OGTT Yes I S 4; 10 2
insulin tolerance test
HOMA-IR Yes I S 21; 23 2
HbA1c
fructosamine

References

  1. Briviba K, Schnäbele K, Rechkemmer G, BubA. Supplementation of a diet low in crotenoids with tomato or carrot juice does no affect lipid peroxidation in plasma and feces of health men. J Nutr 2004;134:1081-1083.
  2. Briviba K, Bub A, Möseneder J et al. No differences in DNA damage and antioxidant capacity between intervention groups of healthy, nonsmoking men receiving 2, 5, or 8 servings/day of vegetables and fruit. Nutr Cancer 2008;60:164-170.
  3. Calzada C, Bruckdorfer KR, Rice-Evans CA. The influence of antioxidant nutrients on platelet function in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 1997;128:97-105.
  4. Coyne T, Ibiebele TI, Baade PD et al. Diabetes mellitus and serum carotenoids: findings of a population-based study in Queensland, Australia. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:685-693.
  5. Czernichow S, Bertrais S, Blacher J et al. Effect of supplementation with antioxidants upon long-term risk of hypertension in the SU.VI.MAX study: association with plasma antioxidant levels. J Hypertens 2005;23:1963-1966.
  6. Dixon ZR, Shie FS, Warden BA et al. The effect of a low carotenoid diet on malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid (MDA-TBA) concentrations in women: a placebo-controlled double-blind study. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:54-58.
  7. Dunstan JA, Breckler L, Hale J, Lehmann H et al. Supplementation with vitamins C, E, beta-carotene and selenium has no effect on anti-oxidant status and immune responses in allergic adults: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy 2007;37:180-187.
  8. Elmadfa I, Rust P, Majchrzak D et al. Effects of beta-carotene supplementation on free radical mechanism in healthy adult subjects. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2004;74:147-152.
  9. Erlinger TP, Guallar E, Miller ER 3rd, et al. Relationship between systemic markers of inflammation and serum beta-carotene levels. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1903-1908.
  10. Ford ES, Will JC, Bowman BA, Narayan KM. Diabates mellitus and serum carotenoids: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:168-176.
  11. Fredrikson GN, Hedblad B, Nilsson JA et al. Association between diet, lifestyle, metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, and plasma C-reactive protein levels. JAMA 2002;287:3223-3229.
  12. Gaziano JM, Hatta A, Flynn M, et al. Supplementation with beta-carotene in vivo and in vitro does not inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation. Atherosclerosis 1995;112:187-195.
  13. Hininger IA, Meyer-Wenger A,Moser U et al. No significant effects of lutein, lycopene or beta-carotene supplementation on biological markers of oxidative stress and LDL oxidizability in healthy adult subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:232-238.
  14. Hu P, Bretsky P, Crimmins EM et al. Association between serum beta-carotene levels and decline of cognitive function in high-functioning older persons with or without apolipoprotein E4 alleles: MacArthur studies of successful aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006;61:616-620.
  15. Hughes DA, Wright AJ, Finglas PM, et al. The effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the immune function of blood monocytes from healthy male nonsmokers. J Lab Clin Med 1997;129:285-287.
  16. Nelson JL, Bernstein PS, Schmidt MC et al. Dietary modification and moderate antioxidant supplementation differentially affects serum carotenoids, antioxidant levels and markers of oxidative stress in older humans. J Nutr 2003;133:3117-3123.
  17. Nenseter MS, Volden V, Berg T et al. No effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to in vitro oxidation among hypercholesterolaemic, postmenopausal women. Scan J Clin Lab Invest 1995;55:477-485.
  18. Ribaya-Mercado JD, Ordovas JM, Russell RM. Effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the concentrations and distribution of carotenoids, vitamin E, vitamin A, and colesterol in plasma lipoprotein and non-lipoprotein fractions in healthy older women. J Am Coll Nutr 1995;14:614-620.
  19. Santos MS, Leka LS, Ribaya-Mercado JD et al. Short- and long-term beta-carotene supplementation do not influence T cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly persons. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:917-924.
  20. Stamler J, Liu K, Ruth KJ et al. Eight-year blood pressure change in middle-aged men: relationship to multiple nutrients. Hypertension 2002;39:1000-1006.
  21. Sugiura M, Nakamura M, Ikoma Y et al. FERUM carotenoid concentrations are inversely associated with serum aminotransferase in hyperglycemic subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006;71:82-91.
  22. Thomson CA, Giuliano AR, Shaw JW et al. Diet and biomarkers of oxidative damage in women previously treated for breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 2005;51:146-154.
  23. Valtueña S, Del Rio D, Pellegrini N et al. The total antioxidant capacity of the diet is an independent predictor of plasma beta-carotene. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007;61:69-76.
  24. Van Poppel G, Hospers J, Nieuwenhuizen W, Laterveer R. No influence of beta-carotene on haemostatic balance in healthy male smokers. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1995;6:55-59.
  25. Van Poppel G, Hospers J, Buytenhek R, Princen HM. No effect of beta-carotene supplementation on plasma lipoproteins in healthy smokers. AmJ Clin Nutr 1994;60:730-734.
  26. Walston J, Xue Q, Semba RD et al. Serum antioxidants, inflammation, and total mortality in older women. Am J Epidemiol 2006;163:18-26.

Determinants of requirements

guidelines

Category Determinants of status sign yes/no/? help independent of intake yes/no/?
general gender Yes  ?
age (adults) Yes  ?
age (children)
ethnicity Yes  ?
physiological status polymorphisms No  ?
pregnancy
lactation
menopause
physical fitness
gut flora
anthropometric variables body weight
BMI Yes  ?
waist circumference Yes  ?
fat free mass
Lifestyle variables smoking Yes  ?
physical activity Yes  ?
alcohol use Yes  ?
medication use (incl. contraceptive pill)
stress

Vulnerable groups

guidelines

Other resources

guidelines

Links

guidelines

Retrieved from "http://www.nugowiki.org/index.php/B-Carotene"