Aquacobalamin

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Aquacobalamin
2D structure for Aquacobalamin
Chemical Name
Chemical Formula	C₆₂H₉₁CoN₁₃O₁₅P
CAS Number	13422-52-1
Chemical Information	HMDB03458
Biochemical Taxonomy	Coenzyme A Derivatives
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Blood
Tissue Location	Not Available
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.000114 (0.00006 - 0.00021) uM Blood: 0.000136 (0.00004 - 0.0005) uM Blood: 0.00028 +/- 0.00012 uM Blood: 0.0003 (0.00013 - 0.00075) uM Blood: 0.00037 (0.000087 - 0.0015) uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

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Aquacobalamin is one of the major forms of vitamin B(12) isolated from mammalian cells. Aquacobalamin and the thiolate forms of glutathione are the precursors of glutathionylcobalamin (GSCbl, a precursor to the formation of the two coenzyme forms of vitamin B(12), adenosylcobalamin and methylcobalamin) in mammalian cells. Under biological conditions the formation of GSCbl from aquacobalamin and glutathione is essentially irreversible; upon entering cells, any free (protein-unbound) aquacobalamin could be rapidly and irreversibly converted to GSCbl. (PMID: 15476387) Aquacobalamin is reduced to cob(II)alamin by Methionine synthase reductse (MSR) in the presence of NADPH, and this reduction leads to stimulation of the conversion of apomethionine synthase and aquacobalamin to methionine synthase holoenzyme. MSR serves as a special chaperone for human methionine synthase and as an aquacobalamin reductase, rather than acting solely in the reductive activation of methionine synthase. (PMID: 16769880 )