Acetone

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Acetone
2D structure for Acetone
Chemical Name	Acetone
Chemical Formula	C₃H₆O
CAS Number	67-64-1
Chemical Information	HMDB01659
Biochemical Taxonomy	Ketones
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	Adrenal Gland Bladder Brain Epidermis Fibroblasts Kidney Liver Myelin Pancreas Placenta Skin Stratum Corneum Testis Thyroid Gland Adipose Tissue
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 30.0 +/- 20.0 uM Blood: 50.0 +/- 5.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 117.0 +/- 65.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 20 +/- 21 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 67.1 (43.0-91.2) uM Urine: <6.6 umol/mmol creatinine
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Chronic renal insufficiency Diabetes Exposure to chlorzoxazone and acetone Hepatic encephalopathy Lung Cancer Paraquat poisoning
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Glycogen storage disease 0 OMIM: 240600
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Chronic renal insufficiency): 25.0 +/- 85.0 uM Blood (Exposure to chlorzoxazone and acetone): 1270.0 +/- 520.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Hepatic encephalopathy): 2700 uM Urine (Diabetes): 13.2 umol/mmol creatinine Urine (Lung Cancer): 5.0 +/- 5.0 umol/mmol creatinine Urine (Paraquat poisoning): 11.2 umol/mmol creatinine
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
Acetone is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis. Acetone cannot further be regarded as a waste product of metabolism. However, its physiological role in biochemical machinery is not clear. A model for the role of acetone metabolism is presented that orders the events occurring in acetonemia in sequence: in diabetic ketosis or starvation, ketone body production (b-hydroxy-butyrate, acetoacetate) provides fuel for vital organs (heart, brain . . .) raising the chance of survival of the metabolic catastrophe. However, when ketone body production exceeds the degrading capacity, the accumulating acetoacetic acid presents a new challenge to the pH regulatory system. Acetone production and its further degradation to C3 fragments fulfill two purposes: the maintenance of pH buffering capacity and provision of fuel for peripheral tissues. Since ketosis develops under serious metabolic circumstances, all the mechanisms that balance or moderate the effects of ketosis enhance the chance for survival. From this point of view, the theory that transportable C3 fragments can serve as additional nutrients is a novel view of acetone metabolism which introduces a new approach to the study of acetone degradation, especially in understanding its physiological function and the interrelationship between liver and peripheral tissues. (PMID 10580530) In chemistry, acetone is the simplest representative of the ketones. Acetone is a colorless, mobile, flammable liquid readily soluble in water, ethanol, ether, etc., and itself serves as an important solvent. Acetone is an irritant and inhalation may lead to hepatotoxic effects (causing liver damage).