Acetic acid

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Acetic acid
2D structure for Acetic acid
Chemical Name	acetic acid
Chemical Formula	C₂H₄O₂
CAS Number	64-19-7
Chemical Information	HMDB00042
Biochemical Taxonomy	Fatty Acids
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism Benzoate Degradation via CoA Ligation Bile Acid Biosynthesis Butanoate Metabolism Fatty Acid Metabolism Gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane Degradation Glycerolipid Metabolism Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism Glycolysis Lysine Degradation Propanoate Metabolism Pyruvate Metabolism Reductive Carboxylate Cycle (CO2 Fixation) Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Urine
Tissue Location	Most Tissues
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 30.4 (22.0-40.0) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 100.0 +/- 30.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 116.0 +/- 55.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 284.0 +/- 126.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 58 +/- 27 uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Lung Cancer Multiple sclerosis
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Multiple sclerosis): 35.3 - 211.7 uM Urine (Lung Cancer): 53.0 +/- 71.0 umol/mmol creatinine
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

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Acetic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical that is used in the production of plastic soft drink bottles, photographic film; and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as many synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households diluted acetic acid is often used as a cleaning agent. In the food industry acetic acid is used as an acidity regulator. The acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of virtually all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. However, the concentration of free acetic acid in cells is kept at a low level to avoid disrupting the control of the pH of the cell contents. Acetic acid is produced and excreted by certain bacteria, notably the Acetobacter genus and Clostridium acetobutylicum. These bacteria are found universally in foodstuffs, water, and soil, and acetic acid is produced naturally as fruits and some other foods spoil. Acetic acid is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent.