5-Methylcytosine

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5-Methylcytosine
2D structure for 5-Methylcytosine
Chemical Name	4-amino-5-methyl-3H-pyrimidin-2-one
Chemical Formula	C₅H₇N₃O
CAS Number	554-01-8
Chemical Information	HMDB02894
Biochemical Taxonomy	Pyrimidines and Pyrimidine Derivatives
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Blood
Tissue Location	Fibroblasts
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.089 +/- 0.001 umol/L
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Not Available
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Not Available
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

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A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In animals, the DNA methylation of cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In plants, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base. -- Pubchem; 5-Methylcytosine is a methylated form of cytosine in which a methyl group is attached to carbon 5, altering its structure without altering its base-pairing properties. -- Wikipedia; 5-Methylcytosine is an epigenetic modification formed by the action of DNA methyltransferases. In bacteria, 5-methylcytosine can be found at a variety of sites, and is often used as a marker to protect DNA from being cut by native methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. In plants, 5-methylcytosine occurs at both CpG and CpNpG sequences. In fungi and animals, 5-methylcytosine predominately occurs at CpG dinucleotides. Although most eukaryotes methylate only a small percentage of these sites, in vertebrates 70-80% of CpG cytosines are methylated. -- Wikipedia