24-Hydroxycholesterol

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24-Hydroxycholesterol
2D structure for 24-Hydroxycholesterol
Chemical Name	(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
Chemical Formula	C₂₇H₄₆O₂
CAS Number	474-73-7
Chemical Information	HMDB01419
Biochemical Taxonomy	Steroids and Steroid Derivatives
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Not Available
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Tissue Location	Not Available
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 0.0018 +/- 0.00052 umol/L Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 0.0034 (0.0033-0.0036) uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Acute or chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies Alzheimer's Disease Mild cognitive impairment Neuroborreliosis Patients With Moderately Elevated Plasma Cholesterol Levels Subarachnoid haemorrhage Viral meningitis
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Patients With Moderately Elevated Plasma Cholesterol Levels): 0.11 +/- 0.03 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Acute or chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies): 0.016 (0.014-0.017) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Alzheimer's Disease): 0.0061 (0.0058-0.0064) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Mild cognitive impairment): 0.0077 (0.0066-0.0093) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Neuroborreliosis): 0.0062 (0.0057-0.0068) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Subarachnoid haemorrhage): 0.0045 (0.0041-0.0050) uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Viral meningitis): 0.0086 (0.0076-0.0096) uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
24-Hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) is almost exclusively formed in the brain. The enzymatic conversion of CNS cholesterol to 24OHC, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, is the major pathway for brain cholesterol elimination and brain cholesterol homeostasis maintenance. The enzyme mediating this conversion has been characterized at the molecular level as cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.98, CYP46) and is mainly located in neurons. Like other oxysterols, 24OHC is efficiently converted into normal bile acids or excreted in bile in its sulfated and glucuronidated form. Levels of 24OHC in the circulation decrease with age in infants and children. In adults, however, the levels appear to be stable. There is accumulating evidence pointing toward a potentially important link between cholesterol, beta-amyloid, and Alzheimer's disease. Patients with active demyelinating diseases had increased levels of 24OHC in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with Alzheimer's disease have slightly increased levels of 24OHC in CSF. Patients with multiple sclerosis have a tendency to have higher levels of 24OHC during active periods. (PMID: 15061359, 14574622)