1,5-Anhydrosorbitol

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1,5-Anhydrosorbitol
2D structure for 1,5-Anhydrosorbitol
Chemical Name	(2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Chemical Formula	C₆H₁₂O₅
CAS Number	154-58-5
Chemical Information	HMDB02712
Biochemical Taxonomy	Not Available
Functional Taxonomy	Not Available
Nutritional Taxonomy	Carbohydrates
Metabolic Pathways	Not Available
Biofluid Location	Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Tissue Location	Not Available
Normal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood: 130.0 (95.0 - 178.0) uM Blood: 150.0 (140 - 171) uM Blood: 150.0 (73.0 - 243.0) umol/L Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 124.6 +/- 34.2 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 18.2 +/- 5.0 umol/L Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 25.0 +/- 13.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): 53.0 (11.0-95.0) uM
Normal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Diseases / Conditions Related to Nutrition	Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus Alzheimer Type 1 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Other (Monogenic Disorders)	Not Available
Abnormal Biofluid Concentrations	Blood (Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus): 30.0 (9.7 - 66.4) uM Blood (Type 1 diabetes mellitus): 50.0 (18.5 - 95.0) uM Blood (Type 2 diabetes mellitus): 62.0 +/- 38.0 uM Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (Alzheimer): 41.7 +/-13.7 uM
Abnormal Tissue Concentrations	Not Available
Physiological Processes	Not Available

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Introduction

guidelines
1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a validated marker of short-term glycemic control. This substance is derived mainly from food, is well absorbed in the intestine, and is distributed to all organs and tissues. It is metabolically stable, being excreted in the urine when its level exceeds the renal threshold. It is reabsorbed in the renal tubules, and is competitively inhibited by glucosuria, which leads to a reduction in its level in serum. The correlation between this reduction and the amount of glucose present in urine is so close that 1,5 AG can be used as a sensitive, day-to-day, real-time marker of glycemic control. It provides useful information on current glycemic control and is superior to both hemoglobin A1C and fructosamine in detecting near-normoglycemia. 1,5-AG in human plasma has been proposed for several years as a short-term, retrospective marker of glycaemic control and seems to be the most suitable parameter for monitoring glucose excursions. The decrease in serum 1,5-AG is very sensitive to urinary glucose excretion. It is a metabolically inert polyol that competes with glucose for reabsorption in the kidneys. Otherwise stable levels of 1,5-AG are rapidly depleted as blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for glucosuria. 1,5-AG is also more tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose. (PMID: 18088226, 12166605, 7783360, 8940824)